ABSTRACT
Variation is one of the most severe problems in the construction industry. This variation occurs in every construction project and the magnitude of these variations varies considerably from project to project. As such, the client had to spend more than what was initially estimated in most cases, sometimes, disputes and unnecessary delays occur due to variations. This study focused to investigate causes and effects of design variation in road construction project in Akwa Ibom State. The objectives were to examine the causes of design variation, to investigate the effects of design variation in road construction projects and examine measures to minimizing its occurrence. Relevant literature review on causes and effects of design variation in road construction projects were carried out and an elaborate field survey was undertaken to verify the objectives of this study. A total of 62 questionnaires were collected against 68 questionnaires distributed among professionals in the construction industry, representing 91% response rate. The data collected through a structured questionnaire administered to the professionals were analysed using simple random sampling technique. The results revealed that change in client’s opinions was the most predominant cause of variation. Others are consultant and contractors’ factors were also seen as the severe causes. The results also revealed that the most common effects of design variation on construction projects were increase in project cost, delays in completion and disputes among stakeholders. The study pointed early interaction between the design team and the client to ensure that client’s requirements are clarified and communicated effectively into the design to reduce variations. The study recommends team work spirit amongst stakeholders involved in the project and respect to original design by the client as the key ingredients for a successful project delivery.
ABSTRACT
The study determined the Impact of School-Based Supervision on Teachers’ Performance in Public Secondary Schools in Sapele...
ABSTRACT
The low rate of female participation in politics compared to that of their male counte...
ABSTRACT
This research study, by means of a robust statistical analysis investigates the impact of deposit money bank on the manufacturin...
Abstract
The usefulness of budgeting as a management tool cannot be over emphasized. A good budgeting system could aid m...
THE INFLUENCE OF DIGITAL TECHNOLOGIES ON CUSTOMER NEEDS ASSESSMENT
This study investigated the influence of digital tech...
Abstract: This research explores the impact of adult education on reducing unemployment rates. The study aimed to investigate how adult educat...
ABSTRACT
The major problem in the Nigeria Labour System has been and still remains the incessant strikes by workers. Str...
NTS
ABSTRACT
In recent times, there have been numerous cases of student&rsqu...
Background of the study
Ganley (1989) states that domestic violence includes: physical violence, sexual...
Abstract
Studies have looked at how adolescents' health locus of control affects their risky sexual behaviour, but the current study...