ABSTRACT
Variation is one of the most severe problems in the construction industry. This variation occurs in every construction project and the magnitude of these variations varies considerably from project to project. As such, the client had to spend more than what was initially estimated in most cases, sometimes, disputes and unnecessary delays occur due to variations. This study focused to investigate causes and effects of design variation in road construction project in Akwa Ibom State. The objectives were to examine the causes of design variation, to investigate the effects of design variation in road construction projects and examine measures to minimizing its occurrence. Relevant literature review on causes and effects of design variation in road construction projects were carried out and an elaborate field survey was undertaken to verify the objectives of this study. A total of 62 questionnaires were collected against 68 questionnaires distributed among professionals in the construction industry, representing 91% response rate. The data collected through a structured questionnaire administered to the professionals were analysed using simple random sampling technique. The results revealed that change in client’s opinions was the most predominant cause of variation. Others are consultant and contractors’ factors were also seen as the severe causes. The results also revealed that the most common effects of design variation on construction projects were increase in project cost, delays in completion and disputes among stakeholders. The study pointed early interaction between the design team and the client to ensure that client’s requirements are clarified and communicated effectively into the design to reduce variations. The study recommends team work spirit amongst stakeholders involved in the project and respect to original design by the client as the key ingredients for a successful project delivery.
ABSTRACT
This research examined marketing strategies as techniques for profit maximization in a manufacturing enterprise (A survey of Gui...
Abstract
This Research work attempts to look at the effect of Tax evasion and avoidance on economy of Nigeria and its c...
ABSTRACT
The study examines the operational traffic characteristics of Kano-Nguru rail transport service in northern part of Nigeri...
ABSTRACT
This study was intended to examine the historical development of artificial intelligence. This study was guided...
OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY
Networking is the backbone of accessing vital information the world has becomes...
ABSTRACT
Agriculture in Nigeria is mainly dependent on rainfall which is variable in nature. Therefore, the need to have a full knowledge...
ABSTRACT
High-density polyethylene composites of date seed powder were prepared at filler loadings of 0 to 40wt%. The particle sizes of t...
ABSTRACT
The broad aim of this study is to assess the effect of ICT on Coivid-19 health education...
ABSTRACT
The study examines the effect of entrepreneurial characteristics on business performance in Jos North. The rese...
Background of study
Since the beginning of the Greek civilization, the concept of natural law has play...